Measuring by mass is definitely more accurate, yeah (for dry and wet ingredients). But have you ever noticed that the recipe always uses round numbers? You never see 4/9 cup, or 2.3735 teaspoons. What’s the point of being able to measure out an exact number of grams when the recipe is already extremely approximated at a not-necessarily-exactly-optimal amount?
I mean yes, ok, I admit that you will get more consistent results. But not necessarily consistently good results.
“if and only if” is an unusual and sometimes confusing way to say it, but the words do directly imply the technical definition.
“it’s an apple if and only if it’s a fruit” literally means “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” and “it’s an apple only if it’s a fruit”. You already seem to understand the 2nd part, so no need to explain that.
The first part is a bit confusing because the words are in the reverse order compared to how people normally talk. “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” means the same thing as “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple”. Clearly “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple” is not a true statement, because there are plenty of other fruits apart from apples.
I think you’re confused about what inclusive and exclusive OR are. They both generally refer to boolean operators (ie, the answer must be yes or no).
If I interpret the question as inclusive OR, then I should answer yes if and only if I believe that cables should come either with a monitor or gpu or both.
If I interpret it as an exclusive OR, then I should answer yes if and only if I believe that they should come with a monitor or gpu, but not both.
Your examples have nothing to do with inclusive vs exclusive OR.